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Objects

In C++, an object is a concrete instance of a class, created based on the blueprint or template provided by the class. Objects are fundamental in object-oriented programming (OOP) and are used to model and interact with real-world entities or concepts in a program. Here's how work with objects in C++:

1. Defining a Class:

First, define a class that acts as a blueprint for creating objects. The class defines the properties (data members) and behaviors (member functions) that objects of that class will have.

Program:

class Car {
public:
    // Data members (properties)
    std::string brand;
    int year;

    // Member functions (methods)
    void startEngine() {
        std::cout << "Engine started!" << std::endl;
    }
};
2. Creating Objects:

Once have defined a class, it can create objects (instances) of that class by specifying the class name followed by the object name.

Program:

int main() {
    Car myCar; // Creating an object of the Car class
    myCar.brand = "Toyota";
    myCar.year = 2022;
    myCar.startEngine();

    Car anotherCar; // Creating another object
    anotherCar.brand = "Honda";
    anotherCar.year = 2023;
    anotherCar.startEngine();

    return 0;
}

In this example, we created two objects: myCar and anotherCar, both based on the Car class.

3. Accessing Object Members:

it can access the data members and member functions of an object using the dot . operator.

Program:

myCar.brand = "Toyota"; // Setting the brand property of myCar
int carYear = myCar.year; // Getting the year property of myCar
myCar.startEngine(); // Calling the startEngine method of myCar
4. Multiple Objects:

it can create as many objects of a class as needed. Each object has its own unique set of data members and it can independently invoke member functions.

5. Object Initialization:

It's a good practice to initialize objects during creation using constructors. Constructors allow to provide initial values for the object's data members.

Program:

class Student {
public:
    std::string name;
    int age;

    // Parameterized constructor
    Student(std::string n, int a) {
        name = n;
        age = a;
    }
};

int main() {
    Student student1("Alice", 20); // Initializing object with constructor
    Student student2("Bob", 22);

    return 0;
}

Objects play a central role in OOP by allowing to model and interact with real-world entities or abstract concepts in C++ programs. They encapsulate data and behavior, enabling to create structured and modular code.


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